Students must be equipped with learning strategies they can apply to think critically and master the social studies curriculum ( Claravall, 2017).Īnnotating comprises structured markings in the text (e.g.
However, social studies is often the last content to be addressed with new interventions and changes, so it is important that teachers of this subject be provided with effective learning tools, strategies and methods that can better their instruction and in turn better the students' understanding of the instruction ( Dobbs, 2003 Evans and Clark, 2015).
#Annotation symbols for close reading how to
Social studies content and standards require students to be dual learners: they must master the actual content knowledge as well as learn how to comprehend social studies texts ( McCulley and Osman, 2015). Not only are students required to learn the basics of the social studies content, but they must also work toward literacy mastery of the social studies texts. Social studies curricula at the middle-school level place great importance on the reading comprehension of informational texts.
In middle school, these basics are the foundation on which students learn to apply literacy skills to foster understanding in specified content areas such as in social studies. Students are expected to have already acquired foundational reading skills by the time they reach middle school. Macceca (2014) states, “Comprehension strategies best serve students when they are employed across the curricula and in the context of their actual meaning” (p. Teachers must provide students with reading comprehension strategies that can be applied repeatedly in all learning settings. A reader may not possess this ability naturally and must be taught to cognitively process the words read and then take what was processed and draw a meaning based upon the reader's prior knowledge and personal experience. It is important to teach reading comprehension strategies to recognize words and comprehend what the words being read actually mean learning must go deeper than a connection between written words and the eyes identifying those words. Rather, the challenge for teachers is to understand how to utilize purposeful reading comprehension strategies in instructional settings ( Vaughn and Massey, 2019). Convincing educators to use various reading comprehension strategies across other content areas to increase learning is not an issue. In elementary and middle-school classrooms, it would not be easy to find teachers who do not believe this statement to be true ( Alvermann and Moje, 2019). The idea that “ Every teacher is a reading teacher” is commonly accepted in the education world.
#Annotation symbols for close reading full
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